TempoLife › Возможности › Mental health support: who to see and what it costs › psychologist
What a psychologist does
Five or six years of university training, assessment as the core skill, no prescription pad — and a title that is protected in some of these countries and not in others.
Это карта того, как работают системы, а не диагноз и не план лечения. Здесь не упоминается ни практика, ни частная цена, поскольку здесь невозможно обеспечить точность ни того, ни другого. Он не может сказать вам, что не так или какое лечение вам нужно — это работа врача, и она начинается с записи на прием. Никогда не прекращайте прием и не меняйте назначенное лекарство на основании информации на веб-странице. Если чья-то жизнь сейчас в опасности, позвоните по номеру службы экстренной помощи: 112 в любой точке ЕС и ЕЭЗ.
The training behind the word
A psychologist has a long university degree in psychology, usually five to six years ending in a master’s level qualification, followed in most systems by supervised practice before full recognition. The degree is not a medical one: psychology is the science of behaviour, cognition and emotion, and the training is in measuring and changing those things rather than in the body’s diseases. That is why a psychologist can spend an hour working out what is actually going on and cannot write you a prescription — the two facts have the same root.
Assessment is the distinctive skill
The thing a psychologist can do that no other profession in this list can is formal psychological assessment: standardised, normed instruments for cognition, attention, memory, personality, mood and development, administered and interpreted under controlled conditions. That is what a neuropsychological assessment, an ADHD or autism assessment, or an intelligence assessment actually consists of, and it is why the psychologist is the profession a court, a school or a specialist clinic asks when a formal answer is needed. Screening questionnaires you can fill in yourself are a different thing entirely and are not diagnostic.
Therapy is an addition, not a given
Many psychologists provide psychotherapy, but the degree alone does not make someone a psychotherapist — that is a separate, longer, modality-specific training on top, covered on the psychotherapist page. A psychologist without that additional training can still deliver structured psychological interventions, brief cognitive-behavioural work and the kind of guided treatment that primary care runs, which is what most mild to moderate anxiety and depression actually needs. If you want long, depth-oriented therapy, ask specifically what psychotherapy training the person has, because the answer varies enormously between two people who both use the word psychologist.
Clinical psychologist means something narrower
In several of these countries the phrase clinical psychologist marks a specialisation inside health care rather than a general job title: additional training, work inside a clinical service, and in Estonia a professional certificate at a specified level. It matters because clinical psychology is where the funded work sits. A psychologist working in a hospital team is usually part of paid-for treatment; a psychologist in independent private practice usually is not, except in the Danish subsidy scheme and the Norwegian agreement system.
Whether the title is protected depends on the border
This is where the region genuinely differs and where a page like this earns its keep. Sweden and Norway license psychologists as health professionals, Finland licenses them as well, Denmark authorises them through a board of its own, Latvia certifies them under a stand-alone psychologists’ law, Lithuania has moved them onto a statutory footing recently, and Estonia works through a professional certificate register rather than a health-care licence. Six systems, five different registers, one practical instruction: look the person up before the first appointment. The page on checking a licence lists where.
What a psychologist cannot do
No prescriptions, in any of these countries. No sick-leave certificate in most of them — that is a doctor’s act, which is one of the everyday reasons a psychologist and a GP end up working in parallel. No admission to hospital. And no diagnosis of a physical illness, which matters more than it sounds: thyroid disease, anaemia, sleep apnoea, vitamin B12 deficiency and several medications produce symptoms that look exactly like depression or anxiety, and ruling those out is a medical job that should not be skipped because the problem feels psychological. Persistent exhaustion in particular is worth reading about on the tiredness pages before concluding it is a mood problem.
Источники:Socialstyrelsen — Swedish register of licensed health-care staff · Kutseregister — Estonian professional certificates · JulkiTerhikki — Finnish public professional lookup· Изменяются правила, права и номера телефонов доверия: проверьте собственную страницу оператора, прежде чем полагаться на нее. Проверено2026-09-08.
Частые вопросы
Can a psychologist prescribe medication?
No, not in any of these countries. A psychologist is not a medical doctor. If medication is part of the answer, a GP or a psychiatrist prescribes it, and psychological treatment runs alongside rather than instead.
What is the difference between a psychologist and a clinical psychologist?
Clinical psychologist marks an additional specialisation inside health care — extra training, clinical supervision and, in some countries, a specific certificate level. It matters practically because clinical psychology is where publicly funded psychological work usually sits.
Does a psychologist do therapy?
Often, but the degree by itself is not a psychotherapy qualification. Ask what psychotherapy training the person has completed and in which modality. For structured brief work in primary care, a psychologist without a separate psychotherapy training is the normal and appropriate provider.
Who does an ADHD or autism assessment?
Formal assessment is psychological and psychiatric work done with standardised instruments, usually by a psychologist and a doctor together in a service set up for it. An online screening questionnaire is not an assessment and cannot produce a diagnosis.
Who does what
What a psychotherapist is
A long post-qualification training in a named method, sat on top of another profession — and the one title in this field that is sometimes anybody’s to use.
What a psychiatrist does
A medical doctor with a specialist qualification: diagnosis, medication, physical causes, sick leave and hospital care — usually in shorter appointments than people expect.
The mental-health nurse
The fastest funded appointment in several of these countries, and the one most people have never heard of.
Counselling, peer support and everything that is not therapy
Helplines, counsellors, peer groups, chaplains, self-help programmes and employer schemes: what each is genuinely good at, and where each stops.
Все страны и гиды
Центр: сравнение пяти профессий, систем семи стран, каждого государственного реестра и каждой кризисной линии.
Как это работает там, где вы живете
Каждое правило на этой странице фильтруется через систему одной страны, прежде чем оно дойдет до вас. На страницах стран указаны двери, реестры и номера.
Эстония · Финляндия · Латвия · Литва · Швеция · Norway · Denmark
Сохраните запись, которую попросят на приеме.
Сон, настроение, активность и лекарства, датированные и в одном месте. Это делает оценку лучше, делает обзор честным, и в этом разница между «хуже в последнее время» и двумя неделями доказательств.