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Checking that someone is who they say they are

Seven countries, seven registers, and a one-minute check that most people never do before handing over their worst week.

Este es un mapa de cómo funcionan los sistemas, no un diagnóstico ni un plan de tratamiento. No menciona ninguna práctica ni ningún precio privado, porque ninguno de los dos puede mantenerse exacto aquí. No puede decirle qué está mal o qué tratamiento necesita; ese es el trabajo de un médico y comienza con una cita. Nunca suspenda ni cambie un medicamento recetado basándose en una página web. Si la vida de alguien está en peligro en este momento, llame al número de emergencia: 112 en cualquier lugar de la UE y el EEE.

Why the check is worth a minute

Mental-health work is unusually easy to fake and unusually damaging to fake badly. The room is private, the client is by definition not at their strongest, there is no equipment and no laboratory result to be wrong, and in several of these countries at least one of the professional titles is not legally protected at all. Every register named on this page is public, free and searchable by name, and using one takes about as long as reading a menu. It is the single highest-value minute in the whole process.

What each register actually proves

They do not all prove the same thing, and conflating them is the usual mistake. A health-care licence or authorisation — Sweden’s and Finland’s licensed professions, Norway’s health personnel register, Denmark’s authorisation, Estonia’s and Latvia’s registers of medical practitioners — proves that the state has recognised a qualification and that the person is subject to professional supervision, including the power to restrict them. A professional certificate, such as Estonia’s psychologist certificate in the national qualifications register, proves an assessed standard in a named specialisation. Association membership proves that the person has joined an organisation with entry requirements and an ethics code. All three are useful; only the first two involve the state.

A restriction is not the same as an absence

A register entry that exists but carries a restriction, a condition or a suspension is telling you something specific, and it is worth reading the entry rather than only checking that a name appears. Equally, a name that does not appear is not automatically a scandal: people practise under a maiden name, foreign qualifications may be recognised under a different heading, and someone whose base profession is registered may hold a psychotherapy qualification that the register does not record at all because the country does not register it. The correct response to a missing entry is to ask, not to accuse.

Ask the questions the register cannot answer

Three things matter that no register shows. Whether the person is in regular clinical supervision now — a professional standard rather than a sign of inexperience, and a question a qualified therapist answers without hesitation. Whether they carry professional liability insurance. And what happens to your record: where the notes live, how long they are kept, and who can see them. Those three, plus a register check, cover almost everything that can be checked before a first appointment. The confidentiality page explains what the answers should sound like.

Warning signs that are actually diagnostic

A few things are unambiguous rather than a matter of taste, and they cut across every method and every country. A therapist who will not name their qualification or training institute. Guarantees of a cure, or of a result in a number of sessions. Advice to stop a prescribed medicine, which no non-prescriber should ever give. Pressure to buy long packages up front, or to recruit others. Contact that migrates outside the therapy — social, financial or romantic, all of which are prohibited by every professional ethics code in the region. Discouraging you from consulting a doctor, or from telling anyone about the treatment. Any one of these is enough to stop, and it is always allowed to stop.

Where to check a mental-health professional in each country
PaísRegister or authoritylo que prueba
EstoniaTerviseamet registers; Kutseregister for psychologistsRegistration to practise in health care; the psychologist’s professional certificate and its level
FinlandiaJulkiTerhikki, under the Licensing and Supervision AgencyLicensed doctors and psychologists, and the protected psychotherapist title
LetoniaVeselības inspekcija; the statutory Register of PsychologistsRegistration of medical practitioners; certification of psychologists and the field it covers
LituaniaState Health Care Accreditation Agency; the psychologists’ practice arrangementsLicensing of health-care professionals and institutions; the statutory basis for psychologists
SueciaSocialstyrelsen’s register of licensed health-care staffLicensed psychologists and licensed psychotherapists, both verifiable by name
NorwayHealth personnel register, HelsedirektoratetAuthorisation as a psychologist, and specialist status where held
DenmarkStyrelsen for Patientsikkerhed; Psykolognævnet for psychologistsAuthorisation of health professionals; the authorisation behind "autoriseret psykolog"

Los propios registros

Registros públicos que verifican a un profesional de salud mental
PaísRegístrateMantenido porlo que prueba
EstoniaRegistro de profesionales sanitarios.Terviseamet (Consejo de Salud)Que un médico, psiquiatra o enfermero esté registrado para ejercer en Estonia
EstoniaRegistro de proveedores de atención médica.TerviseametQue la propia clínica disponga de licencia de actividad
EstoniakutseregisterKutsekoda (Autoridad de Cualificaciones de Estonia)Que un psicólogo posee el certificado profesional y en qué nivel
EstoniaLista de socios contratadosTervisekassaQue la clínica tiene contrato, entonces el estado paga y se aplica el tope de tarifa de visita
FinlandiaJulkiTerhikkiAgencia de Licencias y Supervisión (Lupaja valvontavirasto)Que un médico o psicólogo tenga licencia y que un psicoterapeuta ostente el título protegido
FinlandiaAutoridad supervisoraLupaja valvontavirasto, que asumirá las funciones de Valvira a partir de 2026Licencias, supervisión y restricciones a la práctica.
FinlandiaBúsqueda de proveedores de servicios de KelaKelaQue el terapeuta esté aprobado para el esquema de psicoterapia rehabilitadora.
FinlandiaDirectorio del sindicato de psicólogosSuomen PsykologiliittoMembresía y especialización: un suplemento, no prueba de licencia
LetoniaRegistro de practicantes medicosVeselības inspekcija (Inspección de Salud)Que un médico o psiquiatra esté registrado para ejercer
LetoniaRegistro de PsicólogosMantenido bajo el Ministerio de Bienestar SocialQue un psicólogo está certificado según la Ley de Psicólogos y en qué campo
LetoniaServicios y proveedores pagados por el estadoNacionālais veselības dienestsQué clínicas paga el estado y cuál es la contribución del paciente
LituaniaLicencias sanitariasAgencia Estatal de Acreditación de Atención Médica (VASPVT)Que un médico o institución tenga licencia para brindar atención médica
LituaniaLista de práctica de los psicólogosIntroducido por la ley de práctica de los psicólogos.Que un psicólogo cumpla con los requisitos legales para ejercer
LituaniaInformación de salud públicaMinisterio de Salud e Instituto de HigieneQué servicios existen y dónde se prestan
SueciaRegistro de personal sanitario autorizado (HoSP)Socialstyrelsen (Junta Nacional de Salud y Bienestar)Que un psicólogo, psicoterapeuta o médico tenga una licencia sueca.
SueciaAutoridad supervisoraIVO (Inspección Sanitaria y Asistencia Social)Quejas, inspecciones y restricciones a la práctica
SueciaBuscador de atención y consejos1177Qué clínicas existen, qué tratan y cómo reservar
Sueciaasociación de psicólogosSveriges PsykologförbundMembresía y especialización: un suplemento, no prueba de licencia
NorwayHealth personnel register (HPR)Helsedirektoratet (Directorate of Health)That a psychologist, specialist or doctor holds a Norwegian authorisation
NorwayHealth service guideHelsenorgeHow the schemes work, what they cost and how to change your GP
Norwayasociación de psicólogosNorsk psykologforeningMembership and specialist status — a supplement, not proof of authorisation
NorwayPatient and user ombudsmanPasient- og brukerombudetFree help with rights, complaints and being heard
DenmarkAuthorisation registerStyrelsen for Patientsikkerhed (Patient Safety Authority)That a doctor or health professional is authorised, and whether the authorisation is restricted
DenmarkPsychologist authorisationPsykolognævnet (Psychology Board)That a psychologist is authorised, which is what "autoriseret psykolog" means
DenmarkHealth service portalSundhed.dkYour own records, your GP, and how the schemes work
DenmarkComplaints authorityStyrelsen for Patientklager (Patient Complaints Authority)Where a formal complaint about treatment goes

Fuentes:JulkiTerhikki (Finland) · Socialstyrelsen (Sweden) · Helsedirektoratet (Norway) · Styrelsen for Patientsikkerhed (Denmark) · Kutseregister (Estonia) · Veselības inspekcija (Latvia)· Las reglas, los derechos y los números de la línea de ayuda cambian: consulte la página del operador antes de confiar en uno. Comprobado2026-09-08.

Preguntas frecuentes

¿Cómo verifico que un terapeuta esté calificado?

Search the public register in the country they practise in — the licence or authorisation register for doctors, psychologists and, in Finland and Sweden, psychotherapists, and the professional certificate or certification register where the country uses one. Every register named on this page is public and free.

The person is not in the register. Is that a problem?

Possibly, but ask first. People practise under other names, foreign qualifications appear under different headings, and some countries do not register psychotherapy qualifications at all. Ask which register they appear in and under what name; a straight answer is normal, evasion is not.

What does association membership prove?

That the person joined an organisation with entry requirements and an ethics code, and that there is a body to complain to. It is a real signal, particularly in countries where the title is not protected — but it is not a state licence and should not be described as one.

What are the clear warning signs?

Refusing to name a qualification, guaranteeing a cure, telling you to stop a prescribed medicine, pressure to pay for long packages up front, any social, financial or romantic contact outside the therapy, and discouraging you from seeing a doctor or telling anyone.

Getting in

How referrals actually work

What a referral is, which countries require one for mental-health care, what makes a good one, and what to do when it does not happen.

Waiting lists, guarantees and what to do meanwhile

The published access rules in each country, how to read a queue, and a realistic plan for the months in between.

Free and low-cost routes

Every route in this region that costs nothing or very little — with the eligibility rule that goes with each, because most of them have one.

Online and remote therapy

What remote sessions change, which country’s rules apply when the therapist is over a border, and where video is the wrong format.

Therapy in your own language

Why the working language is clinical rather than cosmetic, what interpreting you are entitled to, and how to search for Russian, English, Ukrainian or Estonian-speaking help.

Todos los países y guías.

El centro: las cinco profesiones comparadas, los sistemas de siete países, cada registro público y cada línea de crisis.

Cómo funciona esto donde vives

Cada regla en esta página se filtra a través del sistema de un país antes de llegar a usted. Las páginas de los países llevan las puertas, los registros y los números.

Estonia · Finlandia · Letonia · Lituania · Suecia · Norway · Denmark

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